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support during data analysis. S.K. served as the data org/10.1056/NEJMc1807653
manager and assisted with data analysis. M.D. and Y.P. 13. Sibiude J, Mandelbrot L, Blanche S, et al. Association between prenatal exposure
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Funding mechanism underlying preterm birth, small for gestational age, and stillbirth
in women living with HIV. Am J Obs Gyn. 2017;217(6):684 e1–14. https://doi.
The surveillance system is supported by financial org/10.1016/j.ajog.2017.10.003
contributions from PEPFAR (United States President’s 16. Zash R, Jacobson DL, Diseko M, et al. Comparative safety of antiretroviral
treatment regimens in pregnancy. JAMA Paed. 2017;171(10):e172222. https://
Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief), the World Health doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.2222
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emtricitabine/efavirenz used for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of
Health. This publication was made possible through the HIV in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;71(4):428–436. https://doi.
org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000847
support provided by the US Agency for International 18. Uthman OA, Nachega JB, Anderson J, et al. Timing of initiation of antiretroviral
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Lancet. 2017;4(1):e21–e30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(16)30195-3
Health) under the terms of Contract No. AID-674-A-12-00019. 19. Papp E, Mohammadi H, Loutfy MR, et al. HIV protease inhibitor use during
The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and pregnancy is associated with decreased progesterone levels, suggesting a
potential mechanism contributing to fetal growth restriction. J Infect Dis.
do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Agency for 2015;211(1):10–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu393
International Development. 20. Ford N, Mofenson L, Shubber Z, et al. Safety of efavirenz in the first trimester of
pregnancy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS. 2014(Suppl
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Early growth outcomes in HIV-exposed uninfected infants. AIDS. 2012;26(9):
1151–1159. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e328352d135
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were created or analysed in this study. of the safety of in utero exposure to antiretroviral drugs. Front Immunol. 2016.
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23. Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry Steering Committee, Antiretroviral pregnancy
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2018 [homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2018 Oct 23]. Wilmington, NC: Registry
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The views expressed in the article are those of the authors 24. US Department of Health and Human Services, AIDSinfo: Recommendations
and not an official position of the institution or funder. for the use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant women with HIV infection and
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