Page 348 - SAHCS HIVMed Journal Vol 20 No 1 2019

Page 5 of 8 Original Research

TABLE 3: Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions for association between nevirapine plasma concentrations and the caregivers’ and patients’ sociodemographic
and clinical characteristics.
Adjusting variable Univariable regression Multivariable regression
≥ 3 µg/mL % < 3 µg/mL % UOR 95% CI p AOR 95%CI p
n n
Care giver gender
Male 33 78.6 9 21.4 1.52 0.68, 3.40 0.31 1.65 0.68, 3.95 0.29
Female 123 70.7 51 29.3 1 - - 1 - -
Caregiver age groups
14–49 114 72.6 43 27.4 1.01 0.55, 2.08 0.84 1.11 0.51, 2.47 0.78
50–79 42 71.2 17 28.8 1 - - 1 - -
Caregiver employment status
Businessman 74 71.2 30 28.8 1.11 0.61, 2.01 0.74 1.05 0.54, 2.02 0.89
Not businessman 82 73.2 30 26.8 1 - - 1 - -
Caregiver marital status
Married 82 73.9 29 26.1 0.82 0.45, 1.49 0.52 0.96 0.496, 1.87 0.91
Not married 74 70.5 31 29.5 1 - - 1 - -
Caregiver education
Some education 147 73.1 54 26.9 0.55 0.19, 1.62 0.28 0.58 0.17, 1.95 0.38
No education 9 60.0 6 40.0 1 - - 1 - -
Disclosure status
Disclosed 97 69.3 43 30.7 0.65 0.34, 1.24 0.19 0.64 0.32, 1.27 0.21
Not disclosed 59 77.6 17 22.4 1 - - 1 - -
Orphan caregiver relations
Parent 60 72.3 23 27.7 0.99 0.54, 1.84 0.99 0.82 0.38, 1.74 0.65
Guardian 96 72.2 37 27.8 1 - - 1 - -
Orphan age group
2–9 81 75.7 26 24.3 1.41 0.77, 2.57 0.26 1.40 0.73, 2.68 0.31
10–14 75 68.8 34 31.2 1 - - 1 - -
Orphan status
Double orphan 35 67.3 17 32.7 1.37 0.69, 2.68 0.37 1.38 0.62, 3.05 0.43
Not double orphan 121 73.8 43 26.2 1 - - 1 - -
Orphan sex
Male 81 75.0 27 25.0 1.32 0.73, 2.39 0.36 1.38 0.74, 2.57 0.32
Female 75 69.4 33 30.6 1 - - 1 - -
WHO clinical stage
Stage I and II 53 70.7 22 29.3 0.89 0.48, 1.65 0.71 0.90 0.47, 1.71 0.75
Stage III and IV 103 73.0 38 27.0 1 - - 1 - -
ART duration
≤ 1 year 10 83.3 2 16.7 1.99 0.42, 9.34 0.39 1.21 0.31, 4.73 0.78
> 1 year 146 71.6 58 28.4 1 - - 1 - -
ART, antiretroviral therapy; UOR, unadjusted odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

TABLE 4: Performance of caregivers’ report and consistency of clinic attendance as compared with NVP plasma concentration for predicting inadequate adherence.
Variable NVP conc.
< 3 µg/mL % ≥ 3 µg/mL % Total Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%) PPV (%) NPV (%)
n n n
Caregiver report
Good 44 25.6 128 74.4 172 82.1 26.7 74.4 36.4
Poor 16 36.4 28 63.6 44 - - - -
Clinic attendance
Good 44 24.6 135 75.4 179 86.5 26.7 75.4 43.2
Poor 16 43.2 21 56.8 37 - - - -
Immunological status
≥ 500 cells/μL 29 19.1 123 80.9 152 82.0 50.8 80.9 52.6
< 500 cells/μL 30 52.6 27 47.4 57 - - - -
NVP, nevirapine; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value.

this study. The difference in cART adherence levels observed them at a great risk of inadequate virological suppression
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between the two study populations could indicate the role of and subsequent development of drug resistance. The
parents in the care of their children and cART adherence. average non-adherence rate in this study looking at all the
different methods of determining adherence is 21.8%, which
The assessment of adherence by NVP plasma levels in this is similar to other adherence studies showing an average
study found 27.8% of the orphans to be non-adherent, putting non-adherence rate of around 24.8%. In a study conducted
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