Page 202 - SAHCS HIVMed Journal Vol 20 No 1 2019

Page 6 of 10 Original Research

Competing interests 7. Albert H, Nathavitharana RR, Isaacs C, Pai M, Denkinger CM, Boehme CC.
Development, roll-out and impact of Xpert MTB/RIF for tuberculosis: What
The authors have no conflict of interests. lessons have we learnt and how can we do better? Eur Respir J. 2016;48(2):
516–525. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00543-2016
8. Theron G, Zijenah L, Chanda D, et al. Feasibility, accuracy, and clinical effect of point-
of-care Xpert MTB/RIF testing for tuberculosis in primary-care settings in Africa:
Authors’ contributions A multicentre, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2014;383(9915):424–435.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62073-5
G.M. R.B., C.S., L.B. A.W. and G.M. were responsible for 9. Churchyard GJ, Stevens WS, Mametja LD, et al. Xpert MTB/RIF versus sputum
patient recruitment and overseeing the individual study microscopy as the initial diagnostic test for tuberculosis: A cluster-randomised
trial embedded in South African roll-out of Xpert MTB/RIF. Lancet Glob Health.
sites. A.D.K. and C.S. were responsible for the database. C.S. 2015;3(8):e450–e457. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00100-X
and A.D.K. designed and performed the analyses with input 10. Durovni B, Saraceni V, Van den Hof S, et al. Impact of replacing smear microscopy
with Xpert MTB/RIF for diagnosing tuberculosis in Brazil: A stepped-wedge cluster-
from G.M. and M.P.N. was responsible for the randomized trial. PLoS Med. 2014;11(12):e1001766. https://doi.org/10.1371/
journal.pmed.1001766
mycobacteriology. C.S. and A.D.K. wrote the first draft of the 11. Van Kampen SC, Susanto NH, Simon S, et al. Effects of introducing Xpert MTB/RIF
article and G.M. gave input to further drafts. All other authors on diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Indonesia:
commented on a draft and approved the final version of the A pre-post intervention study. PLoS One. 2015;10(6):e0123536. https://doi.
org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123536
article. 12. Iruedo J, O’Mahony D, Mabunda S, Wright G, Cawe B. The effect of the Xpert MTB/
RIF test on the time to MDR-TB treatment initiation in a rural setting: A cohort
study in South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):91.
Funding Information https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2200-8
13. Cox HS, Mbhele S, Mohess N, et al. Impact of Xpert MTB/RIF for TB diagnosis in a
G.M. was supported by the Wellcome Trust (098316), the primary care clinic with high TB and HIV prevalence in South Africa: A pragmatic
randomised trial. PLoS Med. 2014;11(11):e1001760. https://doi.org/10.1371/
South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department journal.pmed.1001760
of Science and Technology and National Research 14. Mupfumi L, Makamure B, Chirehwa M, et al. Impact of Xpert MTB/RIF on
antiretroviral therapy-associated tuberculosis and mortality: A pragmatic
Foundation (NRF) of South Africa (Grant No 64787), NRF randomized controlled trial. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2014;1(1):ofu038. https://
incentive funding (UID: 85858) and the South African doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofu038
Medical Research Council through its TB and HIV 15. Yoon C, Cattamanchi A, Davis JL, et al. Impact of Xpert MTB/RIF testing on
tuberculosis management and outcomes in hospitalized patients in Uganda. PLoS
Collaborating Centres Programme with funds received One. 2012;7(11):e48599. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048599
from the National Department of Health (RFA# SAMRC- 16. Calligaro GL, Theron G, Khalfey H, et al. Burden of tuberculosis in intensive care
units in Cape Town, South Africa, and assessment of the accuracy and effect on
RFA-CC: TB/HIV/AIDS-01-2014). C.S. is funded by the patient outcomes of the Xpert MTB/RIF test on tracheal aspirate samples for
diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: A prospective burden of disease study with
South African Medical Research Council under the National a nested randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2015;3(8):621–630.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00198-8
Health Scholars Programme. A.D.K. was supported by the 17. Steingart KR, Schiller I, Horne DJ, Pai M, Boehme CC, Dendukuri N. Xpert(R) MTB/RIF
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Grant assay for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults. Cochrane Database
No T32 AI060530). The funders had no role in the study Syst Rev. 2014;(1):CD009593. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009593.pub3
design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or 18. Kohli M, Schiller I, Dendukuri N, et al. Xpert. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
2018;8:CD012768.
writing of this report. The opinions, findings and 19. Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland. Report:
conclusions expressed in this manuscript reflect those of the Performance of Xpert MTB/RIF Version G4 assay2011 November 2011. Available
from: http://www.stoptb.org/wg/gli/assets/documents/map/findg4cartridge.pdf.
authors alone. 20. Osman M, Simpson JA, Caldwell J, Bosman M, Nicol MP. GeneXpert MTB/RIF
version G4 for identification of rifampin-resistant tuberculosis in a programmatic
setting. J Clin Microbiol. 2014;52(2):635–637. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.
Data availability statement 02517-13
21. Lawn SD, Kerkhoff AD, Burton R, et al. Rapid microbiological screening for
The data sets generated during and/or analysed during the tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients on the first day of acute hospital admission
by systematic testing of urine samples using Xpert MTB/RIF: A prospective cohort
current study are available from the corresponding author on in South Africa. BMC Med. 2015;13:192. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-
reasonable request. 0432-2
22. Gupta-Wright A, Corbett EL, Van Oosterhout JJ, et al. Rapid urine-based
screening for tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients admitted to hospital in Africa
(STAMP): A pragmatic, multicentre, parallel-group, double-blind, randomised
Disclaimer controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;392(10144):292–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0140-6736(18)31267-4
The views expressed in the article are those of the authors 23. Lawn SD, Kerkhoff AD, Burton R, et al. Diagnostic accuracy, incremental yield
and not an official position of the institution or funder. and prognostic value of Determine TB-LAM for routine diagnostic testing for
tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients requiring acute hospital admission in South
Africa: A prospective cohort. BMC Med. 2017;15(1):67. https://doi.org/10.1186/
s12916-017-0822-8
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