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Page 6 of 6  Original Research


              Male circumcision is often associated with genital hygiene   2.  UNICEF UNAID, World Health Organization. Global HIV/AIDS response: Epidemic
              (participants 4, 7, 8). It is believed that when a man undergoes   update  and  health  sector  progress  towards  universal  access:  Progress  report
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              This study suggests that adult male migrants from east and   5.  Barrett HR, Mulugeta B. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and migrant ‘risk
                                                                      environments’: The case of the Ethiopian and Eritrean immigrant community in
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              Conclusion                                            7.  Richardson ET, Collins SE, Kung T, et al. Gender inequality and HIV transmission:
                                                                      A  global  analysis.  J  Int  AIDS  Soc.  2014;17(1):19035.  https://doi.org/10.7448/
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              This study explored the knowledge and perceptions of male   8.  Auvert  B,  Taljaard  D,  Lagarde  E,  Tambekou  JS,  Sitta  R,  Puren  A.  Randomized,
              immigrants from southern and eastern Africa with regard to   controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection
                                                                      risk: The ANRS 1265 trial. PLoS Med. 2005;2(11):e298. https://doi.org/10.1371/
              MC or MMC as an HIV control measure. The study indicates   journal.pmed.0020298
              that the understanding of many immigrants is defective in   9.  Bailey  RC,  Moses  S,  Parker  CB,  et  al.  Male  circumcision  for  HIV  prevention
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              this respect. It is suggested that attempts to increase   2007;369(9562):643–656. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60312-2
              awareness of the benefits of MMC be encouraged and that   10. Wawer MJ, Makumbi F, Kigozi G, et al. Randomized trial of male circumcision in
                                                                      HIV-infected men: Effects on HIV transmission to female partners, Rakai, Uganda.
              MMC be made more accessible and affordable to the       Lancet. 2009;374(9685):229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60998-3
              immigrant community in the UK.                        11. Beyrer C, Baral SD, Griensven FD, et al. Global epidemiology of HIV infection in
                                                                      men  who  have  sex  with  men.  Lancet.  2012;380(9839):367–377.  https://doi.
                                                                      org/10.1016/S01406736(12)60821-6
              Acknowledgements                                      12. Patterson BK, Landay A, Siegel SN, et al. Susceptibility to human immunodeficiency
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              The authors thank all the participants.
                                                                    13. McCoombe SG, Short RV. Potential HIV-1 target cells in the human penis. AIDS.
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              Competing interests                                   14.  Weiss HA, Thomas SL, Munabi SK, Hayes RJ. Male circumcision and risk of syphilis,
                                                                      chancroid, and genital herpes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm
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              The authors declare that they have no financial or personal   15. Gibson  JJ.  The  senses  considered  as  perceptual  systems.  Oxford:  Houghton
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              Authors’ contributions                                  Saharan African origin living with HIV in the UK and Europe: Literature review and
                                                                      recommendations for intervention. AIDS Behav. 2008;12(2):170–194. https://doi.
                                                                      org/10.1007/s10461-007-9237-4
              C.A., K.T., S.N.C. and C.S. designed the study and were   18. Dave S, et al. Male circumcision in Britain: Findings from a national probability
              involved in aspects of the study. R.Y.C. and S.N.C. contributed   sample survey. Sex Transm Infect. 2003;79(6):499–500. https://doi.org/10.1136/
              to scientifically reviewing the article and intellectual inputs.   sti.79.6.499
              All authors reviewed the final article and agreed to submission.  19. Macdonald  A,  Humphreys  J,  Jaffe  HW.  Prevention  of  HIV  transmission  in  the
                                                                      UK: What is the role of male circumcision? The Medical Society for the Study of
                                                                      Venereal Disease, Oxford: 2008.
                                                                    20. Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS. Global report 2012: UNAIDS report on
              Funding information                                     the global AIDS epidemic. Tokyo: UN; 2012.
                                                                    21. Polit D, Beck C. Measurement and data quality. Nursing research: Generating and
              This  research  received  no  specific  grant from any  funding   assessing evidence for nursing practice. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,
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                                                                    22. Kebaabetswe P, et al. Male circumcision: An acceptable strategy for HIV prevention
                                                                      in  Botswana.  Sex  Transm  Infect.  2003;79(3):214–219.  https://doi.org/10.1136/
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              Data availability statement                           23. Shweder  RA.  What  about  ‘female  genital  mutilation’?  And  why  understanding
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              Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data   24. Temkin  O.  Medical  history  and  medical  practice:  Persistent  myths  about  the
              were created or analysed in this study.                 foreskin. Med J Aust. 2003;178(4):178–179.
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              Disclaimer                                            26. Naidoo PV, et al. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of pharmacy and nursing
                                                                      students towards male circumcision and HIV in a KwaZulu-Natal University, South
              The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of   Africa. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med. 2012;4(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.4102/
                                                                      phcfm.v4i1.327
              the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or   27. Wilcken A, et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention-a cross-sectional study on
              position of any affiliated agency of the authors.       awareness among young people and adults in rural Uganda. BMC Public Health.
                                                                      2010;10(1):209. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-209
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