Page 346 - HIVMED_v21_i1.indb
P. 346
Page 5 of 5 Original Research
Competing interests 7. Jarvis JN, Boulle A, Loyse A, et al. High ongoing burden of cryptococcal disease
in Africa despite antiretroviral roll out. AIDS. 2009;23(9):1182–1183. https://doi.
The authors have declared that no competing interest exists. org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832be0fc
8. Perfect JR, Dismukes WE, Dromer F, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for
the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the infectious
diseases society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(3):291–322. https://doi.
Authors’ contributions org/10.1086/649858
9. Govender NP, Dlamini S. Management of HIV-associated cryptococcal disease
P.M. designed the study and collected the data. J.D. and S.N. in South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2014;104(12):896. https://doi.org/10.7196/
collected the data. SAMJ.9070
10. Govender NP, Meintjes G, Bicanic T, et al. Guideline for the prevention, diagnosis
and management of cryptococcal meningitis among HIV-infected persons: 2013
update. S Afr J HIV Med. 2013;14(2):76–86. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.
Funding information v14i2.82
11. Boulware DR, Meya DB, Muzoora C, et al. Timing of antiretroviral therapy after
This research received no specific grant from any funding diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(26):2487–2498.
agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1312884
12. Govender NP, Meintjes G, Mangena P, et al. Southern African HIV clinicians society
guideline for the prevention, diagnosis and management of cryptococcal disease
Data availability statement among HIV-infected persons: 2019 update. S Afr J HIV Med. 2019;20(1):a1030.
https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v20i1.1030
13. Adeyemi BO, Ross A. Management of cryptococcal meningitis in a district hospital
Data are available on request. in KwaZulu-Natal: A clinical audit. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med. 2014;6(1):672.
https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.672
14. Rolfes MA, Hullsiek KH, Rhein J, et al. The effect of therapeutic lumbar
Disclaimer punctures on acute mortality from cryptococcal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis.
2014;59(11):1607–1614. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu596
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data 15. Stats SA. Nelson Mandela Bay [homepage on the Internet] [cited 2019 Jun 18].
were created or analysed in this study. Available from: https://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=1021&id=nelson-mandela-
bay-municipality
16. Graybill JR, Sobel J, Saag M, et al. Diagnosis and management of increased
References intracranial pressure in patients with AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis. Clin Infect
Dis. 2000;30(1):47–54. https://doi.org/10.1086/313603
17. Sun H-Y, Hung C-C, Chang S-C. Management of cryptococcal meningitis with
1. Durski KN, Kuntz KM, Yasukawa K, Virnig BA, Meya DB, Boulware DR. Cost- extremely high intracranial pressure in HIV-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis.
effective diagnostic checklists for meningitis in resource-limited settings. 2004;38(12):1790–1792. https://doi.org/10.1086/421272
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;63(3):e101–e108. https://doi.org/10.1097/
QAI.0b013e31828e1e56 18. Day J, Imran D, Ganiem AR, et al. CryptoDex: A randomised, double-blind,
placebo-controlled phase III trial of adjunctive dexamethasone in HIV-infected
2. Jarvis JN, Meintjes G, Williams A, Brown Y, Crede T, Harrison TS. Adult meningitis adults with cryptococcal meningitis: Study protocol for a randomised control trial.
in a setting of high HIV and TB prevalence: Findings from 4961 suspected cases. Trials. 2014;15:441. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-15-441
BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10:67. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-10-67 19. Beardsley J, Wolbers M, Kibengo FM, et al. Adjunctive dexamethasone in HIV-
3. Sloan DJ, Parris V. Cryptococcal meningitis: Epidemiology and therapeutic options. associated cryptococcal meningitis. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(6):542–554. https://
Clin Epidemiol. 2014;6:169–182. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S38850 doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1509024
4. Jarvis JN, Bicanic T, Loyse A, et al. Determinants of mortality in a combined 20. Abassi M, Boulware DR, Rhein J. Cryptococcal meningitis: Diagnosis and
cohort of 501 patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: Implications management update. Curr Trop Med Rep. 2015;2(2):90–99. https://doi.org/
for improving outcomes. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58(5):736–745. https://doi. 10.1007/s40475-015-0046-y
org/10.1093/cid/cit794
21. Meda J, Kalluvya S, Downs JA, et al. Cryptococcal meningitis management in
5. Arez AP, Pyrgos V, Seitz AE, Steiner CA, Prevots DR, Williamson PR. Epidemiology Tanzania with strict schedule of serial lumber punctures using intravenous
of cryptococcal meningitis in the US: 1997–2009. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56269. tubing sets: An operational research study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056269 2014;66(2):e31–e36. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000147
6. Park BJ, Wannemuehler KA, Marston BJ, Govender N, Pappas PG, Chiller TM. 22. Mogambery TA, Moodley A, Connolly C. Is the intravenous giving set a reliable
Estimation of the current global burden of cryptococcal meningitis among alternative to the spinal manometer in measuring cerebrospinal fluid opening
persons living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS. 2009;23(4):525–530. https://doi.org/10.1097/ pressure? S Afr Med J. 2018;108(10):865–869. https://doi.org/10.7196/
QAD.0b013e328322ffac SAMJ.2018.v108i10.13176
http://www.sajhivmed.org.za 338 Open Access