Page 19 - Nursing Matters June 2021 Vol 12

current issues

The updated algorithm for screening pre-emptive anti-fungal therapy, and the Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/
moving-towards-unaids.html
of cryptococcal disease aims to lower proportion who are still in HIV care at 6 6 Sloan DJ, Parris V. Cryptococcal meningitis: Epidemiology and
CM-related mortality, by reducing late months. therapeutic options. Clinical Epidemiology 2014. https://doi.
org/10.2147/CLEP.S38850.
presentation and delayed diagnosis of 7 Abassi M, Boulware DR, Rhein J. Cryptococcal Meningitis:
Diagnosis and Management Update. Current Tropical Medicine
CM, and relies heavily on PHC nurses Conclusions Reports 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40475-015-0046-y.
for its successful implementation. 8 Rajasingham R, Smith RM, Park BJ, Jarvis JN, Govender NP,
Chiller TM, et al. Global burden of disease of HIV-associated
South Africa’s CrAg screening cryptococcal meningitis: an updated analysis. The Lancet
Infectious Diseases 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-
The role of the National Institute programme is important for the early 9 3099(17)30243-8.
Greene G, Desanto D, Matlapeng P, Govender N. Cryptococcal
for Communicable Diseases in diagnosis of cryptococcal disease and Antigen Screening Surveillance 2019;17:197–206.
CrAg screening prevention of progression to CM. At the 10 World Health Organization. Diagnosis, Prevention and
Management of Cryptococcal Disease in HIV-infected adults ,
adolescents and Children 2011:1–40.
PHC level, nurses play an essential role in 11 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cryptococcal
The National Institute for Communicable ensuring that persons with antigenaemia Screening Program Clinical case scenario 2008.
Diseases (NICD) has, for the past are followed-up and adequate treatment 12 Binnicker MJ, Jespersen DJ, Bestrom JE, Rollins LO. Comparison
of four assays for the detection of cryptococcal antigen. Clinical
seven years, led the scaling up of CrAg is given to reduce CM-related disease and Vaccine Immunology 2012. https://doi.org/10.1128/
CVI.00446-12.
screening in South Africa. Through and mortality. 13 Ramachandran A, Manabe Y, Rajasingham R, Shah M. Cost-
effectiveness of CRAG-LFA screening for cryptococcal meningitis
the CrAg screening and treatment among people living with HIV in Uganda. BMC Infectious
Diseases 2017. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2325-9.
national evaluation (CAST-NET) project, 14 Wahyuningsih, Retno, H. Herqutanto, Darma Imran R.
the NICD is currently evaluating the Comparison between latex agglutination test and lateral flow
assay for the detection of Cryptococcus antigen in serum
2015:104–5.
effectiveness of this national screening References 15 Jones M, Cameron D. Evaluating 5 years’ NIMART mentoring in
programme in order to improve HIV care 1 CDC. About HIV 2020. Avalaible from: https://www.cdc.gov/ South Africa’s HIV treatment programme: Successes, challenges
and future needs. South African Medical Journal 2017. https://
and survival of persons living with AHD. hiv/basics/whatishiv.html doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2017.v107i10.12392.
While the programme has achieved 2 Ford N, Meintjes G, Calmy A, Bygrave H, Migone C, Vitoria 16 National Department of Health. National Consolidated
M, et al. Managing Advanced HIV Disease in a Public Health
Guidelines for the Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission
a 99% coverage of CrAg screening, Approach. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2018. https://doi. of HIV (PMTCT) and the Management of HIV in Children,
Adolescents and Adults. Department of Health, Republic of
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data are still being collected through the 3 UNAIDS. Global HIV and AIDS statistics 2019 Fact sheet. South Africa 2015.
Global HIV and AIDs Statistics, World AIDS Day 2019 Fact
CAST-NET study on the proportion of Sheet 2019. *Corresponding author details: Manqoba Shandu, 1
CrAg-positive patients who are referred 4 UNAIDS. South Africa -HIV 2018. Available from: https://www. Modderfontein Road, National Institute for Communicable
unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet
Diseases, Johannesburg, 2192, Tel: (+27) 78 553 3451; E-mail
for LP, the proportion who are prescribed 5 CDC. Moving towards the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets 2019. address: [email protected]

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