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TABLE 1: Distribution of baseline characteristics of N = 509 HIV-negative, sexually active adult men who underwent voluntary medical male circumcision according to the
availability of sexual behaviour data at 3 months post-voluntary medical male circumcision and association of these characteristics with data availability.
Baseline characteristics (n with data) Sexual behaviour data at 3 months Post-VMMC, †
Available (n = 368) Not available (n = 141) OR 95% CI
N % N %
Demographic
Age (n = 509) (years)
18–24 110 30 53 38 1 ref.
25–29 123 33 50 36 0.84 0.53–1.34
30–34 76 21 22 16 0.60 0.34–1.07
35–49 59 16 16 11 0.56 0.30–1.07
Relationship status (n = 509)
Single‡ 71 19 26 18 1 ref.
Dating and living together 72 20 24 17 0.91 0.48–1.73
Dating but not living together 196 53 76 54 1.06 0.63–1.78
Married 29 8 15 11 1.41 0.66–3.05
Religious affiliation (n = 508)
No religious affiliation 21 6 5 4 1 ref.
Any religious affiliation 346 94 136 96 1.65 0.61–4.47
Socioeconomic
Highest level of education completed (n = 492)§
Secondary or less 168 47 44 34 1 ref.
Higher than secondary 193 54 87 66 1.72 1.13–2.61
Employed or self-employed (n = 509) 263 72 96 68 0.85 0.56–1.30
Household size (n = 507)
0–2 98 27 52 37 1 ref.
3–4 124 34 39 28 0.59 0.36–0.97
5–6 79 22 31 22 0.74 0.43–1.26
≥ 7 65 18 19 14 0.55 0.30–1.02
Electricity in household (n = 509) 314 85 121 86 1.04 0.60–1.81
Refrigerator in household (n = 509) 282 77 112 79 1.18 0.73–1.89
Household use of wood as cooking fuel (n = 509) 61 17 23 16 0.98 0.58–1.66
Circumcision knowledge and beliefs
Reasons for circumcision (n = 509)
HIV protection 180 49 61 43 1 ref.
Personal hygiene 98 27 55 39 1.66 1.07–2.57
Other 90 25 25 18 0.82 0.48–1.39
Knowledge of HIV risk
Correct knowledge: VMMC partially reduces HIV risk for men (n = 509) 311 85 112 79 0.71 0.43–1.16
Correct knowledge: VMMC does not impact HIV risk for women (n = 506) 40 11 15 11 0.97 0.52–1.81
Risk compensation scale, mean (SD)¶
Condom use is not necessary if the man is circumcised (n = 509) 4.35 1.00 4.28 1.26 0.94 0.79–1.12
If I am circumcised, sex is safe without a condom (n = 509) 4.42 0.90 4.35 1.13 0.94 0.77–1.14
Being circumcised means a man can worry less about HIV (n = 508) 3.79 1.46 3.91 1.42 1.06 0.93–1.22
If a man is circumcised, he can have more sexual partners (n = 509) 4.51 0.73 4.47 1.03 0.95 0.75–1.19
Behavioural
Alcohol consumption (n = 509) 224 61 88 62 1.07 0.72–1.59
Age at first sexual intercourse (n = 501) (years)
< 18 104 28 45 32 1 ref.
18–20 164 45 65 46 1.09 0.69–1.72
≥ 21 93 25 31 22 1.40 0.82–2.38
≥ 2 partners, past 1 month (n = 461) 148 44 59 47 1.11 0.74–1.68
≥ 2 partners, past 12 months (n = 466) 201 60 78 61 1.06 0.70–1.61
Number of partners, lifetime (n = 505)
1 partner 33 9 18 13 1 ref.
2–4 partners 150 41 52 37 0.64 0.33–1.22
5–10 partners 122 33 47 34 0.71 0.36–1.37
11 or more partners 60 16 23 16 0.71 0.33–1.49
Exchanged money for sex, past 12 months (n = 468) 23 7 10 8 1.17 0.54–2.53
VMMC, voluntary medical male circumcision; OR, odds ratio; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; SD, standard deviation.
†, Data are n (column %) unless otherwise noted. Values may not total to 100% because of rounding.
‡, Category includes single, separated, divorced and widowed participants.
§, Category includes participants reporting no school attendance, non-formal schooling, primary education and secondary education.
¶, Median (25th, 75th percentile) of Likert scale (range 0–5 with 0 and 5 denoting ‘strongly disagree’ and ‘strongly agree’, respectively).

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