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TABLE 2:Predictors of reporting worse sexual function in any category at 3 months after voluntary medical male circumcision, compared to pre-voluntary medical male
circumcision amongst men uninfected by the human immunodeficiency virus who underwent voluntary medical male circumcision (n = 378). †, ‡
Characteristic Worse sexual function at 3 months‡ Univariate Poisson Regression models
No Yes Crude RR 95% CI p*
n = 281 n = 97
n % n %
Age
18–30 years 181 63.1 58 63.7 1.37 0.76–2.45 0.291
30–34 years 55 19.1 22 24.2 1.61 0.85–3.06 0.146
34–49 years 51 17.8 11 12.1 Ref. - -
Higher than secondary education
No 130 46.9 38 45.2 Ref. - -
Yes 147 53.1 46 54.8 1.05 0.72–1.54 0.786
Has regular partner
No 24 9.4 9 12.0 Ref. - -
Yes 232 90.6 66 88.0 0.96 0.66–1.39 0.827
Married§
No 260 92.5 79 90.8 Ref. - -
Yes 21 7.5 8 9.2 1.18 0.64–1.20 0.595
Lives together with partner¶
No 208 74.0 60 69.0 Ref. - -
Yes 73 26.0 27 31.0 1.21 0.81–1.79 0.349
Employed
No 81 28.8 24 27.6 Ref. - -
Yes 200 71.2 63 72.4 1.05 0.69–1.58 0.824
Electricity in household
No 42 14.9 12 13.8 Ref. - -
Yes 239 85.1 75 86.2 1.07 0.63–1.84 0.792
Drinks alcohol
No 114 40.6 30 34.5 Ref. - -
Yes 167 59.4 57 65.5 1.22 0.83–1.80 0.315
Has ≥ 6 drinks at least four times a month
No 175 62.3 59 67.8 Ref. - -
Yes 106 37.7 28 32.2 0.83 0.56–1.23 0.354
Age at sexual debut, years
< 19 years 131 47.5 37 43.5 Ref. - -
≥ 19 years 145 52.5 48 56.5 1.13 0.78–1.64 0.526
No. of sex partners (last month)
< 2 partners 217 84.1 59 76.6 Ref. - -
≥ 2 partners 41 15.9 18 23.4 1.43 0.91–2.23 0.119
No. of lifetime sex partners
< 5 partners 120 46.9 39 47.0 Ref. - -
≥ 5 partners 136 53.1 44 53.0 1.00 0.68–1.45 0.986
Most recent sexual partner type
Casual 24 9.4 9 12.0 Ref. - -
Regular 232 90.6 66 88.0 0.81 0.45–1.48 0.495
Inconsistent or no condom use with regular partner
No 84 51.9 27 55.1 Ref. - -
Yes 78 48.1 22 44.9 0.90 0.55–1.48 0.691
Inconsistent or no condom use with casual partner
No 29 30 11 26 Ref. - -
Yes 67 70 31 74 1.15 0.64–2.06 0.638
History of buying sex (last year)
No 246 93.5 71 92.2 Ref. - -
Yes 17 6.5 6 7.8 1.16 0.57–2.39 0.678
Primary reason for VMMC
Non-HIV reason 141 50.2 48 55.2 Ref. - -
HIV prevention 140 49.8 39 44.8 0.86 0.59–1.24 0.417
RR, risk ratio; VMMC, voluntary medical male circumcision; CI, confidence interval.
†, Includes men who had data available on sexual function at 3-month post-VMMC procedure.
‡, Having worse sexual function at 3-month post-VMMC, compared to pre-VMMC in any of the following categories: sexual desire, ease of vaginal penetration, ability to put on a condom, ease of
ejaculation, achieve and maintain erection, hygiene/cleanliness.
§, Includes married men who live or do not live with their wives.
¶, Includes married men who live with their wives or unmarried men who live with their partners.
*, p < 0.05; Wald test p-value for categorical variables.

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