Page 76 - SAHCS HIVMed Journal Vol 20 No 1 2019

Page 4 of 5 Opinion Paper

HIV-unexposed infants, whereas infants of mothers on Ethical consideration
pregnancy-initiated ART showed alterations in cellular This article followed all ethical standards for research without
and humoral immunity at birth, predictive of and associated direct contact with human or animal subjects.
with a threefold higher risk for infectious-cause
hospitalisations. In the Zimbabawean SHINE trial, conducted
in the context of universal maternal ART and high sustained Funding information
breastfeeding, CHEU had an almost 50% increased risk of This research received no specific grant from any funding
stunting at 18 months than HIV-unexposed children (RR agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
1.48; 95% CI 1.34–1.64) and mortality at 18 months in children
born to WLHIV was almost 40% higher than HIV-unexposed
29
children (RR 1.39; 95% CI 1.02–1.89). There were also Data availability statement
significant deficits in gross motor, fine motor and language Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data
development at 24 months in CHEU compared to HIV- were created or analysed in this study.
unexposed children, with normalisation of neurodevelopment
in the CHEU group randomised to both a water/sanitation/ Disclaimer
hygiene and an infant and young child feeding intervention. 30
The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of
Zambia is rolling out a ‘SmartCare’ system that is optimising the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or
electronic medical records held on an individual patient ‘Smart position of any affiliated agency of the authors.
Card’ to facilitate confidential communication and availability
of HIV-related information for all people living with HIV and References
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31
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http://www.sajhivmed.org.za 69 Open Access